Line is a mark on a surface that can describe a shape or outline and create texture.

• Line quality is the thick and thinness of the mark
• Actual line is a line that is phycially present in the design
• Implied line is a line that is not present, but your eye creates through visual cues
• Contour lines are the lines that define a shape

Shape is space divided or defined by definite edges

• Organic shapes are free form, unpredictable and flowing in appearance (a blob, leaf, tree, etc.)
• Geometric shapes are shapes that have clear and predictable sides (such as a circle, square, hexagon, etc.)

Color is produced when light, striking an object, is reflected back into the eye

• Hue is the name we give to a color
• Intensity is the vividness of a color (intense, dull, saturated)
• Shade is when black is added to a color
• Tint is when white is added to a color
• Color Mixing
  • Primary colors are red,  yellow, and blue
  • Secondary colors are green, orange, and purple
  • Monochromatic Color is when all the colors in a composition are made up of tints and shades of one hue
  • Warm colors are color that are ‘warm’ in appearance
    • Red, yellow, and orange
    • Blue, purple, and green
    • Can have difference feelings associated with them

Value is the shading of light to dark

• Value adds depth, contrast, and variety to an artwork

Form is a 3-dimentional object having volume and thickness.

• Form can be implied in 2-dimentional artwork by using value to create depth

Texture is the surface quality of an artwork, either literally or visually

• Implied texture is texture on a 2-dimentional artwork created by lines and value
• Real texture is texture that has a 3-dimentional quality and can be felt

Space is the area around, between, or within an artwork

• Positive space is the space an object inhabits
• Negative space is the space around an object
• The illusion of 3-dimentional space can be created by the use of perspective
  • 1-point perspective is created with one vanishing point
    • Used often for paths/roads/train tracks
• 2-point perspective is created with two vanishing points
  • Used often for cityscapes, buildings, houses
• 3-point perspective is created with three vanishing points
  • Used often for looking at something from above or below
• There are other types of perspective, but they do not occur naturally  with the naked eye (instead distorted through lenses/glass)

Balance is the feeling of visual equality in an artwork when referring to space, value, color, etc.

• Symmetrical Balance is when everything on both sides of a dividing line are equal
• Asymmetrical Balance is when everything on both sides of a diving line are unequal, but the artwork still has balance
• Radial balance is when an artwork is balanced radially, or in a circle.

Contrast is when at least two things are distinctly or strikingly different from each other

• Contrast can be created both visually with the elements and principles of design
• Contrast can be created conceptually with the use of ideas

Emphasis is where you create focus in an artwork.

• Emphasis is created by placement, size, and contrast

Visual movement is the movements in an artwork

• Visual movement can be both implied or literal.
• Visual movement is how your eyes move around an artwork through the use of line, both implied and literal.
• Actual movement refers to sculptural work and is called kinetic art.

Pattern is the repetition of the elements of art in a predictable manner

• Patterns can be created by using line, color, shape, value, etc.
• A motif is the design that is being repeated in a pattern
• Patterns can be a texture or rhythm, but textures and rhythms are not always patterns.

Rhythm is the repetition of shapes, lines, and forms

• There are five types of rhythm:
  • Regular rhythms have identical motifs, or visual beats and are equally spaced
  • Alternating rhythm changes between sets of motifs at regular intervals,
  • Random rhythm is repeated in no apparent order
  • Flowing rhythm is rhythm that lacks sharp edges, and use wavy lines and curved shapes
  • Progressive rhythm changes in a predictable manner with each visual beat.

Unity is when all the elements and principles of an artwork come together to create a complete, harmonious, balanced, whole.

• Unity can be achieved through using similar elements and principles of design, proximity, or concepts

Variety is to combine different elements and principles of design into one composition

• Variety creates visual interest in an artwork